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Fungi of the family Boletaceae are of great importance in both ecology and economy. Our previous molecular phylogenetic studies have shown this family to have an extremely high species diversity in China. To further document the Chinese boletes, morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses were conducted including species of Boletaceae from China and other parts of the world. The results indicate that seven subfamily-level major clades and 62 generic clades can be retrieved, 52 of which are found in China. Furthermore, 100 species (comprising 32 genera) common in China are illustrated and described here in detail. Among them, four genera and 46 species are new to science, and 26 new combinations are proposed. To interpret the species concepts consistently, epitypes for five species are designated based on collections made from or near the type localities. Notes on eight extralimital species are also provided. Among the species reported here, most of the species are known only from East Asia. Only Leccinum scabrum (Bull.) Gray, Porphyrellus porphyrosporus (Fr. & Hök) E.-J. Gilbert and Tylopilus felleus (Bull.) P. Karst. are widely distributed in the Holarctic, and Buchwaldoboletus lignicola (Kallenb.) Pilát; Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk. are in Eurasia; while Aureoboletus mirabilis (Murrill) Halling, Harrya chromapes (Frost) Halling et al., and Sutorius eximius (Peck) Halling et al. are found throughout East Asia-North America based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidences.