A Review on the Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Plants

The industrial revolution followed by green revolution caused an increase in yield per unit area in crop production, but they also increased the use of synthetic fertilizers in agriculture. Intensive inorganic fertilizer usage in agriculture causes so many health problems and unrecoverable environmental pollution. To reduce and eliminate the adverse effects of Synthetic fertilizers on human health and environment, new agricultural practices have been developed that all so-called organic agriculture. The organic fertilizers include peat, animal wastes, plant waste from agriculture, and treated sewage sludge whereas inorganic fertilizers include chemicals like ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, urea, NPK etc. Inorganic fertilizers accumulate salt which expends more energy to draw water from the soil and cause them to appear wilted or dried out and if there is a rainfall shortly after they are applied them the fertilizers wash away and can pollute streams, ponds and other water bodies. It can also leach away from the root zone of the plant it may enter through the plant to the food chain and they get accumulated and harm us. The plants are an efficient source of basic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium as well as secondary and micronutrients such as calcium, boron, magnesium, and manganese. High chlorophyll content, the high percentage of protein and carbohydrate indicates, better physiological and biochemical conditions. It is usually suggested that the use of organic fertilizers and amendments are eco-friendly. The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers occurs significantly on the biochemical performance like chlorophyll content, protein and carbohydrate concentration of the crop plant and highlights the prospects and potential of using organic fertilizers.