International multicenter comparative trial of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy versus surgical gastrojejunostomy for the treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction

<b>Background and study aims </b>EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is a novel procedure that potentially offers long-lasting luminal patency without the risk of tumor ingrowth/overgrowth. This study compared the clinical success, technical success, adverse events (AEs), length of hospital stay (LOHS) and symptom recurrence in EUS-GE versus SGJ. <b>Methods </b>This was a multicenter international retrospective comparative study of EUS-GE and SGJ in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) who underwent either EUS-GE or SGJ. EUS-GE was performed using lumen apposing metal stents. <b>Results</b> A total of 93 patients with malignant GOO treated with either EUS-GE (n = 30) or SGJ (n = 63) were identified. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was present in 13 (43 %) patients in the EUS-GE group and 7 (11 %) patients in the SGJ group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Although the technical success rate was significantly higher in the SGJ group as compared to the EUS-GE group (100 % vs. 87 %, <i>P</i> = 0.009), the clinical success rate was not different (90 % vs. 87 %, <i>P</i> = 0.18, OR 0.8, 95 %CI 0.44 - 7.07). The rate of AEs was lower in the EUS-GE group, but the difference was not statistically significant (16 % vs 25 %, <i>P</i> = 0.3). The mean LOHS was similar in the EUS-GE group compared to SGJ (<i>P</i> = 0.35). The rate of recurrent GOO was not different between the two groups (3 % vs. 14 %, <i>P</i> = 0.08). Similarly, the mean time to reintervention was similar (88 days vs. 121 days, <i>P</i> = 0.83). <b>Conclusions</b> EUS-GE is associated with equivalent efficacy and safety as compared to surgical GJ. This is the first comparative trial between both techniques and suggests EUS-GE as a non-inferior but less invasive alter to surgery.