Juno observations of energetic charged particles over Jupiter's polar regions: Analysis of monodirectional and bidirectional electron beams

Abstract Juno obtained unique low‐altitude space environment measurements over Jupiter's poles on 27 August 2016. Here Jupiter Energetic‐particle Detector Instrument observations are presented for electrons (25–800 keV) and protons (10–1500 keV). We analyze magnetic field‐aligned electron angular beams over expected auroral regions that were sometimes symmetric (bidirectional) but more often strongly asymmetric. Included are variable but surprisingly persistent upward, monodirectional electron angular beams emerging from what we term the “polar cap,” poleward of the nominal auroral ovals. The energy spectra of all beams were monotonic and hard (not structured in energy), showing power law‐like distributions often extending beyond ~800 keV. Given highly variable downward energy fluxes (below 1 R J altitudes within the loss cone) as high as 280 mW/m 2 , we suggest that mechanisms generating these beams are among the primary processes generating Jupiter's uniquely intense auroral emissions, distinct from what is typically observed at Earth.