HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETRIC STUDIES OF CARBON COMPOSITE CYLINDERS.

DNA ploidy analysis of 90 paraffin embedded specimens in bladder carcinoma were carried out by flow cytometry (FCM). Emphasis was paid on grade II tumors which usually have variable clinical course. DNA ploid level determined by FCM correlates highly with pathologic grade, stage, and prognosis of bladder carcinoma. Among grade II tumors, the patients with diploid and peridiploid carcinoma had a favourable prognosis whereas the patients with aneuploidy of high average DNA index had a bad prognosis, in particular, those with triploid and peritriploid tumors had poorer prognosis. DNA ploid level by which the prognosis of patients with bladder carcinoma is evaluated, appears to be more accurate than pathologic grade and clinical stage, particularly stage T0-T or grade II tumors. It therefore can serve as a tumor marker in bladder carcinomas.