Inactivated probiotic <em>Bacillus coagulans</em> GBI-30 induces complex immune activating, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative markers in vitro

The inactivated <i>B. coagulans</i> GBI-30, 6086 cells activated human immune cells and altered the production of both immune activating and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Of special importance is the novel demonstration of a selective upregulation of the G-CSF growth factor involved in postinjury and postinflammation repair and regeneration. This suggests that important immunogenic cell wall components, such as lipoteichoic acid, are undamaged after the inactivation and retain the complex beneficial biological activities previously demonstrated for the cell walls from live <i>B. coagulans</i> GBI-30, 6086 (GanedenBC30) probiotic bacteria.