Barrmaelia and Entosordaria in Barrmaeliaceae (fam. nov., Xylariales) and critical notes on Anthostomella-like genera based on multigene phylogenies

Phylogenetic analyses of a combined DNA data matrix containing ITS, LSU, <i>rpb2</i> and <i>tub2</i> sequences of representative Xylariales revealed that the genus <i>Barrmaelia</i> is a well-defined monophylum, as based on four of its described species (<i>B. macrospora</i>, <i>B. moravica</i>, <i>B. oxyacanthae</i>, <i>B. rhamnicola</i>) and the new species <i>B. rappazii</i>. The generic type of <i>Entosordaria</i>, <i>E. perfidiosa</i>, is revealed as the closest relative of <i>Barrmaelia</i>, being phylogenetically distant from the generic type of <i>Clypeosphaeria</i>, <i>C. mamillana</i>, which belongs to Xylariaceae sensu stricto. <i>Entosordaria</i> and <i>Barrmaelia</i> are highly supported and form a distinct lineage, which is recognised as the new family Barrmaeliaceae. The new species <i>E. quercina</i> is described. <i>Barrmaelia macrospora</i>, <i>B. moravica</i> and <i>B. rhamnicola</i> are epitypified and <i>E. perfidiosa</i> is lecto- and epitypified. Published sequences of <i>Anthostomella</i> and several <i>Anthostomella</i>-like species from the genera <i>Alloanthostomella</i>, <i>Anthostomelloides</i>, <i>Neoanthostomella</i>, <i>Pseudoanthostomella</i> and <i>Pyriformiascoma</i> are evaluated, demonstrating the necessity of critical inspection of published sequence data before inclusion in phylogenies. Verified isolates of several species from these genera should be re-sequenced to affirm their phylogenetic affinities. In addition, the generic type of <i>Anthostomella</i> should be sequenced before additional generic re-arrangements are proposed.