Towards the electrochemical diagnostic of influenza virus: development of a graphene–Au hybrid nanocomposite modified influenza virus biosensor based on neuraminidase activity

An effective electrochemical influenza A biosensor based on a graphene-gold (Au) hybrid nanocomposite modified Au-screen printed electrode has been developed. The working principle of the developed biosensor relies on the measurement of neuraminidase (N) activity. After the optimization of experimental parameters like the effect of bovine serum albumin addition and immobilization times of fetuin A and PNA lectin, the analytical characteristics of the influenza A biosensor were investigated. As a result, a linear range between 10^-8 U mL^-1 and 10^-1 U mL^-1 was found with a relative standard deviation value of 3.23% (for 10^-5 U mL^-1 of N, n:3) and a limit of detection value of 10^-8 U mL^-1 N. The developed biosensor was applied for real influenza virus A (H9N2) detection and very successful results were obtained.