Analysis and Modeling of Interharmonics From Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems

The industry of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy and its application is still booming to enhance the sustainability of the society. When PV systems are connected to the grid, challenging issues should be addressed. One of the challenges is related to interharmonics in PV systems, especially with a large-scale adoption of PV systems. However, the origins of interharmonics remain unclear, although the impact of interhamonics has been reported in the literature. Thus, this paper explores the generation mechanisms of interharmonics in PV systems and the characteristics. The exploration reveals that the perturbation from the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is one of the origins of interharmonics appearing in the grid current. Accordingly, the MPPT controller parameters such as the perturbation step size and the sampling rate have an inevitable impact on the interharmonic characteristics. Furthermore, an approach to characterize the interharmonics in the grid current is proposed. With the proposed model, interharmonics can be predicted according to the designed controller parameters in terms of frequencies and amplitudes. Experimental tests are performed on a single-phase grid-connected PV system. The results are in a close agreement with the analysis and, thus, validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.