Managed grazing is an effective strategy to restore habitat for the endangered autumn buttercup (<scp><i>Ranunculus aestivalis</i></scp>)

The only protected habitat of the endangered autumn buttercup is a small, overgrown, wet meadow that no longer supports the species. We used an experimentally driven reintroduction to examine the role of rodent herbivory in limiting the survival and establishment of autumn buttercup at the site. We evaluated the effectiveness of livestock grazing and cages to exclude rodents by comparing survival of caged and uncaged transplants under two pasture management treatments (grazed vs. ungrazed). We found that transplant survival was greatest for caged plants in grazed pasture with 50% of plants surviving to the end of the second growing season. Grazing increased the species richness in the plant community and decreased the amount of cover for small mammals. Accordingly, rodent density and vole herbivory in late summer were significantly lower on grazed pasture. Our results indicate that rodent herbivores represent a major threat to the survival and reestablishment of autumn buttercup and livestock grazing and protective caging are effective strategies to reduce rodent populations and vole herbivory.