Comprehensive study of beam focusing by crystal devices

This paper is devoted to an experimental study of focusing and defocusing positively charged particle beams with the help of specially bent single crystals. Four crystals have been fabricated for this purpose. The studies have been performed at the CERN SPS in $400\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$ proton and $180\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$ pion beams. The results of measurements of beam envelopes are presented. The rms size of the horizontal profile at the focus was 5--8 times smaller than at the exit of the crystals. The measured focal lengths were 4--21 m. The results of measurements are in good agreement with calculations. Possible applications of focusing crystals in present and future high energy accelerators are discussed.