Chemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Lepidium sativum seed oil

<i>Lepidium sativum</i> (garden cress) seed oil was examined for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, where gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry that utilized to study its chemical composition. Microdilution method was used to test the antimicrobial effect of oil against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. The antioxidant activity was assessed by radical scavenging activity assay using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. The major constituents found in the oil were 7,10-hexadecadienoic acid, 11-octadecenoic acid, 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid, and behenic acid. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against all pathogens was 47.5 mg/ml, except for <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, which showed MIC of 90 mg/ml. The oil demonstrated antioxidant activity in a dose dependent pattern, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 40 mg/ml, and exerted anti-inflammatory activity, wherein 21% protection was shown at a concentration of 300 μg/ml. Thus, <i>L. sativum</i> seed oil shows antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.