Real-time magnetic actuation of DNA nanodevices via modular integration with stiff micro-levers

DNA nanotechnology has enabled complex nanodevices, but the ability to directly manipulate systems with fast response times remains a key challenge. Current methods of actuation are relatively slow and only direct devices into one or two target configurations. Here we report an approach to control DNA origami assemblies via externally applied magnetic fields using a low-cost platform that enables actuation into many distinct configurations with sub-second response times. The nanodevices in these assemblies are manipulated via mechanically stiff micron-scale lever arms, which rigidly couple movement of a micron size magnetic bead to reconfiguration of the nanodevice while also enabling direct visualization of the conformation. We demonstrate control of three assemblies-a rod, rotor, and hinge-at frequencies up to several Hz and the ability to actuate into many conformations. This level of spatiotemporal control over DNA devices can serve as a foundation for real-time manipulation of molecular and atomic systems.