A RIPK3-PGE2 Circuit Mediates Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell–Potentiated Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is essential for mucosal repair in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer. However, its role in tumor immunity is unknown. Here, we report that decreased RIPK3 in colorectal cancer correlates with the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Deficiency of RIPK3 boosted tumorigenesis via accumulation and immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs. Reduction of RIPK3 in MDSC and colorectal cancer cells elicited NFκB-transcribed COX-2, which catalyzed the synthesis of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). PGE₂ exacerbated the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs and accelerated tumor growth. Moreover, PGE₂ suppressed RIPK3 expression while enhancing expression of NFκB and COX-2 in MDSCs and colorectal cancer cells. Inhibition of COX-2 or PGE₂ receptors reversed the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs and dampened tumorigenesis. Patient databases also delineated the correlation of RIPK3 and COX-2 expression with colorectal cancer survival. Our findings demonstrate a novel signaling circuit by which RIPK3 and PGE₂ regulate tumor immunity, providing potential ideas for immunotherapy against colorectal cancer.<b>Significance:</b> A novel signaling circuit involving RIPK3 and PGE₂ enhances accumulation and immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs, implicating its potential as a therapeutic target in anticancer immunotherapy.<b>Graphical Abstract:</b> http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/19/5586/F1.large.jpg <i>Cancer Res; 78(19); 5586-99. ©2018 AACR</i>.