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Aflatoxins and ochratoxins are among the most important mycotoxins of all and producers of both types of mycotoxins are present in <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i>, albeit never in the same species. Some of the most efficient producers of aflatoxins and ochratoxins have not been described yet. Using a polyphasic approach combining phenotype, physiology, sequence and extrolite data, we describe here eight new species in section <i>Flavi</i>. Phylogenetically, section <i>Flavi</i> is split in eight clades and the section currently contains 33 species. Two species only produce aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> and B<sub>2</sub> (<i>A. pseudotamarii</i> and <i>A. togoensis</i>), and 14 species are able to produce aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>, G<sub>1</sub> and G<sub>2</sub>: three newly described species <i>A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii</i> and <i>A. cerealis</i> in addition to <i>A. arachidicola</i>, <i>A. minisclerotigenes</i>, <i>A. mottae, A. luteovirescens</i> (formerly <i>A. bombycis</i>)<i>, A. nomius, A. novoparasiticus, A. parasiticus, A. pseudocaelatus, A. pseudonomius, A. sergii</i> and <i>A. transmontanensis</i>. It is generally accepted that <i>A. flavus</i> is unable to produce type G aflatoxins, but here we report on Korean strains that also produce aflatoxin G<sub>1</sub> and G<sub>2</sub>. One strain of <i>A. bertholletius</i> can produce the immediate aflatoxin precursor 3-O-methylsterigmatocystin, and one strain of <i>Aspergillus sojae</i> and two strains of <i>Aspergillus alliaceus</i> produced versicolorins. Strains of the domesticated forms of <i>A. flavus</i> and <i>A. parasiticus</i>, <i>A. oryzae</i> and <i>A. sojae</i>, respectively, lost their ability to produce aflatoxins, and from the remaining phylogenetically closely related species (belonging to the <i>A. flavus</i>-, <i>A. tamarii</i>-, <i>A. bertholletius</i>- and <i>A. nomius</i>-clades), only <i>A. caelatus</i>, <i>A. subflavus</i> and <i>A. tamarii</i> are unable to produce aflatoxins. With exception of <i>A. togoensis</i> in the <i>A. coremiiformis</i>-clade, all species in the phylogenetically more distant clades (<i>A. alliaceus</i>-, <i>A. coremiiformis</i>-, <i>A. leporis</i>- and <i>A. avenaceus</i>-clade) are unable to produce aflatoxins. Three out of the four species in the <i>A. alliaceus</i>-clade can produce the mycotoxin ochratoxin A: <i>A. alliaceus s</i>. <i>str</i>. and two new species described here as <i>A. neoalliaceus</i> and <i>A. vandermerwei</i>. Eight species produced the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid: <i>A. bertholletius</i>, <i>A. caelatus, A. luteovirescens</i>, <i>A. nomius, A. pseudocaelatus</i>, <i>A. pseudonomius, A. pseudotamarii</i> and <i>A. tamarii</i> while the related mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid was produced by 13 species: <i>A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii, A. bertholletius, A. cerealis, A. flavus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. mottae, A. oryzae, A. pipericola, A. pseudocaelatus</i>, <i>A. pseudotamarii, A. sergii</i> and <i>A. tamarii</i>. Furthermore, <i>A. hancockii</i> produced speradine A, a compound related to cyclopiazonic acid. Selected <i>A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii, A. cerealis, A. flavus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. pipericola</i> and <i>A. sergii</i> strains produced small sclerotia containing the mycotoxin aflatrem. Kojic acid has been found in all species in section <i>Flavi</i>, except <i>A. avenaceus</i> and <i>A. coremiiformis</i>. Only six species in the section did not produce any known mycotoxins: <i>A. aspearensis</i>, <i>A. coremiiformis, A. lanosus, A. leporis, A. sojae</i> and <i>A. subflavus</i>. An overview of other small molecule extrolites produced in <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i> is given.