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This chapter describes what oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is and then lists what the discipline of OMFS covers. This list represents the totality of OMF surgeons' workload and it is clear that there is overlap with other disciplines, including plastic surgery, ENT, neurosurgery and dentistry. OMFS requires the completion of both a dental and medical undergraduate degree. The chapter also shows the career pathway from either starting point, dentistry or medicine. Core surgical training is a good jump-off point into specialty training 3 (ST3) applications and gives one a chance to complete the Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS), and as a core training 2 (CT2) OMFS he/she will do a six-month OMFS job. Some trainees add on an extra year to the training pathway to do a fellowship, which can include head and neck oncology, cleft lip and palate or trauma. The chapter further describes some courses during OMFS specialty training.