Anion Transport with Pnictogen Bonds in Direct Comparison with Chalcogen and Halogen Bonds

In this Communication, we introduce transmembrane anion transport with pnictogen-bonding compounds and compare their characteristics with chalcogen- and halogen-bonding analogues. Tellurium-centered chalcogen bonds are at least as active as antimony-centered pnictogen bonds, whereas iodine-centered halogen bonds are 3 orders of magnitude less active. Irregular voltage-dependent single-channel currents, high gating charges, and efficient dye leakage support for the formation of bulky, membrane-disruptive supramolecular amphiphiles due to "too strong" binding of anions to tris(perfluorophenyl)stibanes. In contrast, the chalcogen-bonding bis(perfluorophenyl)tellanes do not cause leakage and excel as carriers with nanomolar activity, with P_(Cl/Na) = 10.4 for anion/cation selectivity and P_(Cl/NO₃) = 4.5 for anion selectivity. The selectivities are lower with pnictogen-bonding carriers because their membrane-disturbing 3D structure also affects weaker binders ( P_(Cl/Na) = 2.1, P_(Cl/NO₃) = 2.5). Their 2D structure, directionality, hydrophobicity, and support from proximal anion-π interactions are suggested to contribute to the unique power of chalcogen bonds to transport anions across lipid bilayer membranes.