Non defect-stabilized thermally stable single-atom catalyst

Surface-supported isolated atoms in single-atom catalysts (SACs) are usually stabilized by diverse defects. The fabrication of high-metal-loading and thermally stable SACs remains a formidable challenge due to the difficulty of creating high densities of underpinning stable defects. Here we report that isolated Pt atoms can be stabilized through a strong covalent metal-support interaction (CMSI) that is not associated with support defects, yielding a high-loading and thermally stable SAC by trapping either the already deposited Pt atoms or the PtO₂ units vaporized from nanoparticles during high-temperature calcination. Experimental and computational modeling studies reveal that iron oxide reducibility is crucial to anchor isolated Pt atoms. The resulting high concentrations of single atoms enable specific activities far exceeding those of conventional nanoparticle catalysts. This non defect-stabilization strategy can be extended to non-reducible supports by simply doping with iron oxide, thus paving a new way for constructing high-loading SACs for diverse industrially important catalytic reactions.