Congruence of Reproductive Goals and Fertility-Related Attitudes of Adolescent and Young Adult Males and Their Parents After Cancer Treatment

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Approximately half of all males experience fertility impairment after cancer treatment, which can diminish quality of life. Parents are often responsible for sharing health-related information, and parental recommendation strongly impacts fertility-related decisions; yet it remains unclear whether adolescents and young adults' (AYAs) and their parents' fertility-related goals/attitudes align. This study examined parent-AYAs congruence on fertility-related attitudes and (grand) parenthood goals during survivorship, and if parents were aware of their sons' parenthood goals and reproductive concerns. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Males (15-25 years) and their parents were recruited within 1-8 years of completing cancer treatment. Based on the Health Belief Model, AYAs (<i>N</i> = 38), mothers (<i>N</i> = 33), and fathers (<i>N</i> = 24) reported on parenthood goals, perceived benefits/barriers of fertility testing/preservation, perceived susceptibility/severity of infertility, and fertility knowledge. Analyses included Pearson's correlations and paired-sample <i>t</i>-tests. <b><i>Results:</i></b> More than 80% of mothers, fathers, and AYAs desired future (grand) children. Mother-son dyads had differences in fertility knowledge (<i>p</i> = 0.037), and father-son dyads differed in parenthood goals (<i>p</i> = 0.024). AYAs perceived more fertility-related barriers than their mothers (<i>p</i> = 0.014) and fathers (<i>p</i> = 0.006). AYA survivors were less likely to report they could accept a life without a biological child compared with their mothers (<i>p</i> = 0.009) and fathers (<i>p</i> = 0.024). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These findings suggest some similarities, yet important differences between male AYA survivors' and their parents' attitudes toward fertility and parenthood. As infertility is common in this population, and is associated with uncertainty and distress, these findings underscore the need for family-centered fertility-related interventions at the time of cancer diagnosis and throughout survivorship.