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The article is devoted to the definition of the effectiveness of libraries activities and aims to offer workable methods of its evaluation. The solution of this problem is relevant for the management of the library industry. Clarification of the concept of "efficiency of library activities", "social efficiency", "economic efficiency", "organizational efficiency", "technological efficiency". Various options for measuring and calculating efficiency at the level of the library are set out. In order to discuss the proposed lists of indicators that can be used to determine the various types of efficiency of library activities. Particular attention is paid to the evaluation of social and organizational effectiveness as least developed in management theory as applied to specific activities of libraries. The methodology for calculating the composite efficiency index is described in details. This indicator, according to the authors of the article, can be used to make responsible managerial decisions, which are based on a comparative analysis of the activities of libraries that differ in status, resource base, user contingent, and targets. The proposed toolkit combines the results of an analysis of the activities by the elements. The specificity of the proposed solution is that it should be used in the calculation of individual indicators and composite indices of the effectiveness of the priorities of the tasks that lie in each period before the cultural sector as a whole and the specific objects to be solved – the objects of analysis.