A Temporal Study on Learning and Memory at High Altitude in Two Ethnic Groups

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Cognitive function has been compromised during high-altitude (HA) exposure due to slowing of mental processing. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total of 20 Indian and 20 Kyrgyz soldiers were studied at 4111 m to assess cognitive function in two different ethnic groups. Paired associate learning, pattern recognition memory, spatial span (SSP), spatial working memory (SWM), choice reaction time (CRT), and simple reaction time (SRT) were evaluated at sea level and on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 of HA stay and on day 3 of deinduction. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All the parameters were significantly affected at HA. Indian soldiers were acclimatized by 7 days but Kyrgyz soldiers required 21 days for acclimatization. A slow impairment in SWM, CRT, and SRT was observed in Kyrgyz soldiers than in Indian soldiers and it continues throughout 21 days of HA stay, but for Indian soldiers the deterioration was maximum on day 7 and improvement in SWM, CRT, and SRT was observed on day 14 and close to baseline value on day 21. After deinduction, although Indian soldiers attained the normal value, Kyrgyz soldiers had higher value than baseline in SSP, SWM, CRT, and SRT. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Difference in the cognitive performances of Indian and Kyrgyz soldiers may be due to the ethnogenetic diversity of these two groups.