Key performance indicators in the production of the future

Industry 4.0 promises numerous potentials in production, ranging from data-driven machine optimization to improving the entire production planning. The lack of transparency about the effects and benefits of Industry 4.0 is one of the key obstacles to its introduction. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are a way to capture changes in production. This paper analyses typical KPIs and represents their mathematical interconnection in a graph representation. In addition, a structuring framework is presented, in which KPIs are linked to Industry 4.0-related changes in production. We conclude how current typical KPIs capture these changes and demonstrate the benefit of additional, IT related KPIs.