Moscovian fossils shed light on the enigmatic polyneopteran families Cacurgidae and Eoblattidae (Insecta: ‘Eoblattida’, Archaeorthoptera)

Based on description of the new species Cacurgus avionensis sp. nov., the genus Cacurgus and the family Cacurgidae are revised, excluded from Gerarida, and restored in Panorthoptera. Cacurgidae are restricted to the single genus Cacurgus. Protodictyon pulchripenne is redescribed, excluded from Cacurgidae, and put in the archaeorthopteran stem group of the Panorthoptera. We restore two genera, Kochopteron and Protoblattina, in Paoliidae. The genera Suksunus, Ideliopsis and Kitshuga, currently placed in Cacurgidae, are not Archaeorthoptera but Polyneoptera of uncertain positions, to be revised in the future. The type genus Eoblatta of the family Eoblattidae and of the superorder Eoblattida, is also restored to Archaeorthoptera. The whole set of Eoblattida taxa needs complete revision based on accurate homologies of wing venation. Lastly, Aviologus is excluded from ‘Cnemidolestina’ and restored to Archaeorthoptera. Westphalopsocus is restored in the Acercaria: Psocodea. We propose Paleoischnoptera nom. nov. as a replacement name for Ischnoptera Béthoux & Nel, 2005 Béthoux, O. & Nel, A. 2005. Some Palaeozoic ‘Protorthoptera’ are ‘ancestral’ orthopteroids: major wing braces as clues to a new split among the 'Protorthoptera'. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2, 1–25. doi:10.1017/S1477201904001488[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] (non Ischnoptera Burmeister, 1838 Burmeister, H. 1838. Handbuch der Entomologie. Reimer, Berlin, 1–400 pp. [Google Scholar]).http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C0CC0AC6-30B7-4331-8B96-34F47B16F7B0