Simulating background shear flow in local gyrokinetic simulations

Abstract Local gyrokinetic simulations solve the gyrokinetic equations with homogeneous background gradients, typically using a doubly periodic domain in the ( x , y ) plane (i.e. perpendicular to the field line). Spatial Fourier representations are almost universal in local gyrokinetic codes, and the wavevector-remap method was introduced in (Hammett et al , Bull Am Phys Soc VP1 136, (2006)) as a simple method for expressing the local gyrokinetic equations with a background shear flow in a Fourier representation. Although extensively applied, the wavevector-remap method has not been formally shown to converge, and suffers from known unphysicality when the solutions are plotted in real space (Fox et al PPCF 59 , 044008). In this work, we use an analytic solution in slab geometry to demonstrate that wavevector-remap leads to incorrect smeared non-linear coupling between modes. We derive a correct, relatively simple method for solving local gyrokinetics in Fourier space with a background shear flow, and compare this to the wavevector-remap method. This allows us to show that the error in wavevector-remap can be seen as an incorrect rounding in wavenumber space in the nonlinear term. By making minor modifications to the nonlinear term, we implement the corrected wavevector-remap scheme in the GENE (T Dannert and F Jenko (2005), Physics of Plasmas 12 , 072309) code and compare results of the original and corrected wavevector-remap for standard nonlinear benchmark cases. Certain physical phenomena are impacted by the errors in the original remap scheme, and these numerical artefacts do not reduce as system size increases: that is, original wavevector-remap scheme does not converge to the correct result.