Differential Expression of Activation Markers by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-specific CD4+ T Cell Distinguishes Extrapulmonary From Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Latent Infection

Cell activation markers in Mtb-specific CD4+T cells distinguished ATB from LTBI and EPTB from PTB, regardless of HIV infection status. These parameters provide an attractive approach for developing blood-based diagnostic tests for both active and latent TB.