PEM Fuel Cell Catalysts: Cost, Performance, and Durability

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are typically classified as methanol-based or hydrogen-based depending on the fuel used to convert chemical energy into electricity. Although direct methanol fuel cells have advantages of fuel availability and storage, long unsolved problems of poor anode kinetics and high methanol crossover limit their potential use mainly to applications with low power requirements, such as portable appliances.