Handoff strategies between wireless fidelity to light fidelity systems for improving video streaming in high‐speed vehicular networks

Summary Recent times witness heavy usage of high‐speed vehicles specially trains commuting long distances. Managing connectivity both indoor and outdoor for these vehicular networks is inevitable. Practically, the concept of wireless fidelity (WiFi) proves to be very fluctuating for the indoor users travelling in high‐speed vehicles as it operates under radio frequencies in the frequency spectrum, and handoff becomes mandatory as the user is mobile. With the introduction of light fidelity (LiFi), indoor connectivity between the mobile terminals is improved as the conversation is through light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photo detectors, which act as transmitters and receivers, respectively. Usage of LiFi in the high‐speed vehicular networks also nullifies the repercussions generated by using WiFi's highly radiated electro magnetic (EM) waves. The work proposes the use of LiFi in high‐speed rail networks for passengers streaming of videos. Travelers in train can access internet using LiFi, which uses ultra asymmetrically and symmetrically clipping optical (ASCO)–orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (UASCO‐OFDM) as its modulation technique. A proxy server is deployed to enhance video streaming. Furthermore, the travelers using internet need handoff in case of change in connectivity between access points (APs) of WiFi and LiFi for both outdoor and indoor, respectively. The work emphasizes on handoff based on the estimation of signal to interference ratio (SIR) followed by the combination of grey system. The performance analysis of the proposed system shows improvements in handoff probability, average delay, and spectral efficiency of modulation technique when compared to the existing literature.