Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes

Abstract This chapter describes the species richness and phylogenetic relationships among the Neotropical freshwater fish, emphasizing the main diagnostic characteristics of each group. Both themes are effervescent, involving studies and discussions that require constant updates. They also face a high rate of descriptions of new species and new relationship hypotheses. In this chapter, we provide a picture of the knowledge available through early 2018, and we suggest that readers use it to search for updated information.