Analysis of headers in high-performance football: evidence from the English Premier League

This study aimed to gather information about game situations where headers in high-performance football were performed and to characterise how headers were executed in different game situations. A multidimensional observational system was designed to characterise the header situation and technical execution. A sample of 920 headers were randomly collected from the English Premier League 2017–2018 season, using InStat Scout® website platform. Frequency analysis of headers showed that (1) most led to ball losses; (2) almost half was performed during set plays, especially in goal kicks and throw-ins; (3) a substantial amount was executed to prevent spatial progress of opponents when employing direct attacks with long passes. Chi-square analyses revealed significant associations (p < 0.05) between the following variables: header purpose and player position (large effect size – ES), movement and jump type (medium ES), game state and player movement, game state and jump type, space of occupation and opponent players as well as header type, header purpose and jump type, header purpose and opponent players, pass and jump type, pass and opponent players, and pass and player position (small ES). Based on the current findings, coaches are strongly encouraged to design representative training environments for headers considering position-specific needs, and to promote practice tasks and game strategies for maintaining/regaining ball possession after a player’s intentional header.