Development, validation and translation of psychological tests

SUMMARY In social science research and clinical practice, and in educational settings, psychological tests/scales are being increasingly used because of their reliability and the ease and speed of gathering, comparing and differentiating data. A new scale is usually created when instruments or questionnaires to measure the construct of interest are not be readily available or if existing questionnaires do not fully satisfy requirements. Scales are also translated and revalidated if they are not in the language required. This article takes the reader through steps in developing, validating and translating tests in the field of social sciences.