Use of simulators together with virtual and augmented reality in the system of welders’ vocational training: past, present, and future

The article discusses the theory and methods of simulation training, its significance in the context of training specialists for areas where the lack of primary qualification is critical. The most widespread hardware and software solutions for the organization welders' simulation training that use VR- and AR- technologies have been analyzed. A review of the technological infrastructure and software tools for the virtual teaching-and-production laboratory of electric welding has been made on the example of the achievements of Fronius, MIMBUS, Seabery. The features of creating a virtual simulation of the welding process using modern equipment based on studies of the behavioral reactions of the welder have been shown. It is found the simulators allow not only training, but also one can build neuro-fuzzy logic and design automated and robotized welding systems. The functioning peculiarities of welding's simulators with AR have been revealed. It is shown they make it possible to ensure the forming basic qualities of a future specialist, such as concentration, accuracy and agility. The psychological and technical aspects of the coaching programs for the training and retraining of qualified welders have been illustrated. The conclusions about the significant advantages of VR- and AR-technologies in comparison with traditional ones have been made. Possible directions of the development of simulation training for welders have been revealed. Among them the AR-technologies have been presented as such that gaining wide popularity as allow to realize the idea of mass training in basic professional skills.