Sleep breathing disorders in ischemic stroke: relationship with the localization and toast classification subtypes

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, despite successful strategies to manage the main risk factors for ischemic stroke (hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus and others). Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is poorly studied, but potentially significant and modifiable risk factor for stroke, so it draws attention of investigators. In this review we have focused on some aspects and analyzed the relationship of different variants of SBD with the lesions localization and the type of acute ischemic stroke according to TOAST criteria. During the analysis, it was shown that in the early period after cerebrovascular accident, the frequency and severity of respiratory disturbances in sleep were higher, mainly due to the presence of central apnea, which develops when the vertebro-basilar pool is involved in the blood supply zone. However, impaired cerebral circulation of supratentorial localization can also be a factor contributing to the appearance or exacerbation of respiratory failure in a dream. With regard to the relationship of respiratory disorders in a dream with a type of cerebrovascular accident according to the TOAST classification, we can talk about the likely relationship of obstructive sleep apnea with a cerebrovascular accident of cardioembolic and atherothrombotic origin.