Survival with Olaparib in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Among men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who had tumors with at least one alteration in <i>BRCA1</i>, <i>BRCA2</i>, or <i>ATM</i> and whose disease had progressed during previous treatment with a next-generation hormonal agent, those who were initially assigned to receive olaparib had a significantly longer duration of overall survival than those who were assigned to receive enzalutamide or abiraterone plus prednisone as the control therapy, despite substantial crossover from control therapy to olaparib. (Funded by AstraZeneca and Merck Sharp and Dohme; PROfound ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02987543.).