Highly luminescent biocompatible CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ core–shell nanoprobes for bioimaging and drug delivery

The encapsulation of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) with an inert protective layer against moisture and the environment is a promising approach to overcome hinderances for their practical use in optoelectronic and biomedical applications. Herein, a facile method for synthesizing highly luminescent and biocompatible CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ core-shell PNCs with a controlled SiO₂ thickness, which are suitable for both cell imaging and drug delivery, is reported. The synthesized CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ core-shell PNCs exhibit bright green emission at 518 nm upon excitation of 374 nm. Interestingly, a significant increase in the photoluminescence intensity is observed with an increase in the SiO₂ shell thickness, which varies with the increasing reaction time. Cytotoxicity results indicate that the CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ core-shell PNCs are nontoxic, making them suitable for in vitro cell imaging using HeLa cells. Furthermore, doxorubicin physically adsorbed on the surface of CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ core-shell PNCs is efficiently released in cells when the drug-loaded perovskite nanoprobes are injected in the cells, indicating that these core-shell nanoparticles can be used for drug loading and delivery. The results of this study suggest that the CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ core-shell PNCs can pave the way for new biomedical applications and processes.