Tunable Optical Properties of 2D Materials and Their Applications

Abstract Recent efforts have been heavily devoted to the development of next‐generation optoelectronic devices based on 2D materials, due to their unique optical properties that are distinctly different from those of bulk counterparts. Given that the feature of flexible tunability is highly desired, various approaches have been demonstrated to efficiently modulate the optical properties, eventually enabling peculiar functionalities or realizing high‐performance nanoscale devices. Here, this review focuses on recent advances in tuning the optical properties of 2D materials by external stimuli including electric field, mechanical strain, magnetic field, acoustic wave, and thermal heating. Also, such tunability leads to many emerging applications in the fields of electronics, optics, sensors, and energy harvesting, which are summarized and critically discussed in the paper.