The ocular surface bacterial contamination and its management in the prophylaxis of post cataract surgery endophthalmitis

<b>Objective:</b> To investigate the recent pieces of evidence regarding the bacterial ocular surface contamination and its treatment in the prophylaxis of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a literature research on the topic of interest and selected the most relevant data. <b>Results:</b> The studies reported a relatively high rate of positive conjunctival culture and the most frequently isolated organism was Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, which is also the most common etiological agent of the postoperative endophthalmitis. The bacterial ocular surface load is influenced by age, climate, associated diseases, topical and systemic medication. The use of povidone-iodine alone or in association with levofloxacin eyedrops as prophylactic method is effective in reducing the conjunctival bacterial contamination and consequently decreases the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis. <b>Conclusions:</b> Based on the current pieces of evidence, adequate treatment of the bacterial ocular surface contamination prior to cataract surgery seems to be effective in preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. <b>Abbreviations:</b> EU = European Union, Spp. = Species, HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus.