REALISASI KEBIJAKAN WAJIB TANAM BAGI IMPORTIR DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI BAWANG PUTIH NASIONAL

Indonesia is the largest garlic importer in the world. The government has implemented a program to reduce importation of this product called the garlic mandatory-planting for importers. Implementation of this policy in the fields faced several chalanges. This study aimed to assess the realization of the mandatory-panting policy on national garlic production enhancement. Specifically, the study was intended to evaluate garlic international trade, to assess mandatory-planting policy, and to examine opportunities and challenges of garlic mandatory-planting. Result of this study concluded that the mandatory-planting had no significant impact as the importers' planted areas were far below the targets. The mandatory-planting policy was encountered by lack of quality seed, limited land, lack of farmers' interest for growing garlic, long harvest period, low yield, and not competitive selling price. It is suggested that the Ministry of Agriculture replace mandatory-planting with mandatory-purchase, expanding the planted-area to suitable areas, increasing import tariff, and production increase but evading the self-sufficiency policy. Abstrak Indonesia merupakan negara importir bawang putih terbesar di dunia. Pemerintah melaksanakan program untuk menurunkan impor dengan menerapkan kebijakan wajib tanam bagi importir bawang putih. Pelaksanaan kebijakan ini di lapangan ternyata mengalami banyak tantangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis realisasi kebijakan wajib tanam bagi importir terhadap peningkatan produksi bawang putih nasional. Secara khusus penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengevaluasi perdagangan internasional bawang putih, meneliti kebijakan wajib tanam bagi importir, dan mengkaji peluang dan tantangan wajib tanam. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan wajib tanam bagi importir bawang putih tidak optimal dampaknya antara lain karena realisasi tanam jauh di bawah sasaran. Berbagai hambatan dalam program wajib tanam antara lain kekurangan benih bermutu, lahan terbatas, petani kurang berminat, waktu panen cukup lama, produktivitas rendah, dan harga jual tidak bersaing. Disarankan agar kebijakan wajib tanam diganti dengan wajib beli bagi importir, penanaman di wilayah yang sesuai, peningkatan tarif impor, dan peningkatan produksi tanpa harus meneruskan program swasembada bawang putih.