A Perspective on the Role of Microbiome for Colorectal Cancer Treatment

In healthy hosts, trillions of microbes colonise the gut and oral cavity in a well-balanced state, maintaining a mutually beneficial relationship. Loss of this balance, termed dysbiosis, is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the roles of microbiota and dysbiosis in CRC treatment remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota has the ability to affect the host response to chemotherapeutic agents by enhancing drug efficacy, promoting chemoresistance and mediating chemotherapy-induced toxicity and side effects via a variety of mechanisms. Several other studies have also proposed manipulation of the microbiota to optimise CRC treatment. In this review, we summarise the current advancement of knowledge on how microbiota and CRC treatments interact with each other and how this interaction may shed some light on the development of personalised microbiota manipulations that improve CRC treatment outcomes.