Progress and prospect of low-temperature zinc metal batteries

The commercial application of aqueous zinc metal batteries in the field of large-scale energy storage is still suffered from their low-temperature operation, in which the electrochemical behaviors of the electrolyte, electrode materials, and their interfaces will deteriorate at low temperatures. Herein, by considering the significance of this topic, an in-depth comprehensive and systematic summary of low-temperature zinc metal batteries (LTZMBs) with the main challenges and corresponding optimization strategies was provided. Furthermore, the promising perspectives have also been proposed, aiming to guide the scientific future development of LTZMBs.