Towards incorporating asexually reproducing fungi in the natural classification and notes for pleomorphic genera

This is a continuation of a series of studies incorporating asexually reproducing fungi in a natural classification.Over 3653 genera (ca.30,000 morphological species) are known from asexual reproduction (1388 coelomycetes and 2265 hyphomycetes) in their life cycle.Among these, 687 genera are pleomorphic (305 coelomycetous; 378 hyphomycetous and four genera show both coelomycetous and hyphomycetous morphs).We provide notes for these pleomorphic genera in this paper.The 1544 unlinked genera without molecular data (which comprise ca.3850 species) are listed as Ascomycota genera incertae sedis.It is essential to recollect the fungi which are placed in Ascomycota genera incertae sedis and subject them to DNA based phylogenetic analysis as they might represent new fungal lineages. Keywords -Article 59.1 -Coelomycetous -Hyphomycetousone fungus one name -PleomorphismRecent outlines and monographs by Wijayawardene et al. (2018, 2020), Hongsanan et al. (2020a, b) and Hyde et al. (2020b) have compiled asexual genera according to their phylogenetic placements.However, a large number of asexual genera (ca.3850 species in 1544 genera) lack sequence data and thus their placements have not been determined.Holomorph studies are important in mycology, and it was previously determined by cultural studies or cooccurence of both taxa on same substrate.Currently DNA based phylogenetic studies are very useful to link sexual and asexual fungi and this impacts on species nomenclature.In the last decade, several publications which focused on nomenclatural changes (e.g Chapter F, San Juan Chapter F, May et al. 2019) have been published (Table 1).In this paper, we provide the higher-level classification of asexually producing taxa (genera to class) of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and specifies whether they show pleomorphism.Notes for pleomorphic genera which have been introduced since 2011 and nomenclatural changes based on San Juan Chapter F are provided (May et al. 2019).