Emerging polymeric electrospun fibers: From structural diversity to application in flexible bioelectronics and tissue engineering

Electrospinning (e-spin) technique has emerged as a versatile and feasible pathway for constructing diverse polymeric fabric structures, which show potential applications in many biological and biomedical fields. Owing to the advantages of adjustable mechanics, designable structures, versatile surface multi-functionalization, and biomimetic capability to natural tissue, remarkable progress has been made in flexible bioelectronics and tissue engineering for the sensing and therapeutic purposes. In this perspective, we review recent works on design of the hierarchically structured e-spin fibers, as well as, the fabrication strategies from one-dimensional individual fiber (1D) to three-dimensional (3D) fiber arrangements adaptive to specific applications. Then, we focus on the most cutting-edge progress of their applications in flexible bioelectronics and tissue engineering. Finally, we propose future challenges and perspectives for promoting electrospun fiber-based products toward industrialized, intelligent, multifunctional, and safe applications.