High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Messenger RNA Testing Using Urine, Cervicovaginal Self-Collected and Provider-Collected Cervical Samples Among Women in Mombasa, Kenya

We compared human papillomavirus messenger RNA testing using urine, self-, and provider-collected samples for the detection of high-grade cervical cytology and assessed acceptability of urine self-collection among females who engage in sex work in Kenya. Participants found urine sampling comfortable, but high-risk human papillomavirus messenger RNA detection in urine samples was less likely to detect high-grade lesions than self- and provider-collected cervical samples.