Inventive problem-solving map of innovative carbon emission strategies for solar energy-based transportation investment projects

The transportation sector is also of great importance in terms of carbon emission problem. Significant amount of carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere due to the use of fossil fuels in transport vehicles. Electric vehicles play a key role to overcome this problem. However, high cost is an important handicap in choosing electric vehicles, especially in road transport. Therefore, electric vehicles charged with solar energy can also contribute significantly to the solution of this problem. In this study, it is aimed to generate inventive problem-solving map of innovative carbon emission reduction strategies for transportation investment projects. Hence, this study illustrates causal relationships of innovative strategies for solar energy projects. Therefore, the influencing and influenced items can be defined. An extension of group decision-making (GDM) and spherical fuzzy numbers is proposed regarding solar energy projects. These principles are weighted by spherical fuzzy methodology. The main contribution of this study is to present significant strategies to increase the effectiveness of the solar energy investment projects with a novel hybrid decision-making methodology. Therefore, the analysis results have a positive contribution to the solution of carbon emission problem in the transportation industry. The findings explain that dynamicity is the most critical TRIZ-based factor that improves the effectiveness of solar energy projects because it has the greatest weight (0.267). Composite materials have an important impact in this scenario with the weight of 0.255. It is recommended that solar panels should be designed so that they can receive sunlight at different times vertically. Flexible structured solar panels should be considered that can change position according to the angle of the sun during the day. Thus, more electrical energy can be obtained.