TCSA: A Traffic Congestion Situation Assessment Scheme Based on Multi-Index Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation in 5G-IoV

The traffic congestion situation is an important reference indicator for the orderly control and management of traffic systems. As intelligent transport systems (ITS) become increasingly popular, the challenge of realizing real-time traffic congestion situation assessments (TCSAs) in the post-traffic era is particularly important. In this study, we propose a TCSA scheme for multi-metric fuzzy integrated evaluation based on three predicted vehicle traffic parameters for the 5G Internet of Vehicles (5G-IoV) environment, which is dedicated to accelerating the development of ITS. Firstly, the scheme uses dynamic multi-model adaptive exponential smoothing (DMMAES), which can calculate the optimal smoothing coefficients and weight of each model based on historical prediction errors to predict the average speed and traffic volume and then calculate the predicted traffic speed, traffic flow density, and road saturation of the three traffic congestion indicators. Secondly, the predicted values of the three traffic congestion indicators are used as fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, taking into account the vagueness of the traffic congestion levels, the uncertainty of the indicators, and the conflict among the indicators, using a trapezoidal affiliation function to determine the degree of affiliation of each indicator through the adaptive CRITIC method to determine the weights. Finally, the predicted traffic congestion situations are classified into five levels. The effectiveness of the scheme was verified by the measured data of Yanta North Road in Xi’an. The results showed that the traffic congestion level predicted by TCSA was basically consistent with the actual situation and had a high prediction accuracy.