The Process of Innovation in Five Industries in Europe and Japan

Innovations can be conceived of as a function of a firm’s environment including technical, market, economic, governmental and other components, communication between the firm and its environment, the firm’s resources, and its organization and allocation of resouces, including financial and human resources, technology and information. [9] The purpose of the present study was to examine relationships between environmental influence and the sources and outcomes of a sample of R&D projects undertaken by firms in five industries in Europe and Japan.