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Six new subgenera are described within the genus Phaeosphaeria, which includes many species parasitic on cereals, grasses, sedges, rushes, and other grasslike plants. In subgenus Fusispora, 10 species are treated, including 4 new species: P. fetanensis, P. franklinensis, P. gigaspora, and P. moravica, all on Juncus. In subgenus Ovispora, 16 species are treated, including 4 new species: P. borealis on Luzula, P. canadensis on Carex, P. cookei on Luzula, and P. tricincta on Juncus. In subgenus Phaeosphaeria, 32 species are treated, including 8 new species: P. annulata on Elymus, P. calderi on Juncus, P. emilii on Carex, P. exarata on Carex, P. fautreyi on Arundo, P. humerata on Juncus, P. lunata on Carex, and P. minima on Deschampsia. In subgenus Sicispora, 28 species are treated, including 9 new species: P. cinnae on Cinna, P. crenata on Carex, P. erikssonii on various grasses, P. guttulata on various grasses, P. heptamera on Bromus, P. huronensis on Dactylis, P. ovei on Agropyron, P. parvograminis on Phalaris, and P. pulchra on Calamagrostis. In subgenus Spathispora, 12 species are treated, including 2 new species: P. michiganenesis on Scirpus and P. robusta on Arctagrostis. In subgenus Vagispora, 16 species are treated, including 3 new species: P. celata on Equisetum, P. gessneri on Spartina, and P. mounceae on Elymus. Detailed descriptions are given for 64 allied but excluded species including 2 new species: Leptosphaeria lassenensis on Allium and Massariosphaeria adrianii on Scirpus. A new genus, Sulcispora, based on S. pleurospora, is described.