Two Ecumenisms: Conservative Christian Alliances as a New Form of Ecumenical Cooperation

An upsurge in Orthodox anti-ecumenical criticism in 2016 has raised the question of the current state of ecumenism. Examining this topic, the author describes a new form of ecumenical activity associated with the emergence of conservative Christian alliances in defense of traditional values. This "conservative ecumenism," or "Ecumenism 2.0," differs from the "classical ecumenism" that arose in the early twentieth century and that continues to be represented today by the World Council of Churches and other ecumenical institutions. The author considers the phenomenon of "ecumenical consciousness" and demonstrates that it can be found in both types of ecumenism. Some of the Orthodox anti-ecumenists who attack classical ecumenism, however, may eagerly opt for this new, conservative "Ecumenism 2.0." This article discusses the possible competition between the two types of ecumenisms.