Chromosome Complement as a Determinant of the Morphogenic Potential of Tobacco Cells

Polysomatism in Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Wisconsin 38‘ was confirmed. Pith samples from the region of the stem 3.5–10.5 cm below the apex contained nearly equal proportions of diploid and tetraploid cells and samples obtained further down, 15.5–22.5 cm, showed predominantly tetraploid (circa 70%) and smaller proportions of diploid (9%), octaploid (16%), and aneuploid (5%) cells. Cultures of the callus from pith explants showed no evidence of diploid cells after 1 year, but did show roughly half 4n and 8n euploid and half-aneuploid cells. The callus after 6 years in vitro consisted entirely of aneuploid cells. The attainment of this predominance of aneuploid cells could account for the decline of callus growth and organ formation of tobacco tissue cultures. Tobacco tissue cultures started from single cells disclosed that totipotentiality was not restricted to diploid cells but was possessed by and expressed with apparently equal ease by tetraploid cells. The morphogenetically depressed situation was associated with a highly variable aneuploidy. With increase in somatic age the frequency of aneuploid cells increased and the level of ploidy among the aneuploid cells shifted from sub-tetraploidy to above tetraploidy.