Genetic regulation of the human plasma proteome in 54,306 UK Biobank participants

Abstract The UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP) is a collaboration between the UK Biobank (UKB) and thirteen biopharmaceutical companies characterising the plasma proteomic profiles of 54,306 UKB participants. Here, we describe results from the first phase of UKB-PPP, including protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) mapping of 1,463 proteins that identifies 10,248 primary genetic associations, of which 85% are newly discovered. We also identify independent secondary associations in 92% of cis and 29% of trans loci, expanding the catalogue of genetic instruments for downstream analyses. The study provides an updated characterisation of the genetic architecture of the plasma proteome, leveraging population-scale proteomics to provide novel, extensive insights into trans pQTLs across multiple biological domains. We highlight genetic influences on ligand-receptor interactions and pathway perturbations across a diverse collection of cytokines and complement proteins, and illustrate long-range epistatic effects of ABO blood group and FUT2 secretor status on proteins with gastrointestinal tissue-enriched expression. We demonstrate the utility of these data for drug target discovery by extending the genetic proxied effect of PCSK9 levels on lipid concentrations, cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases, and additionally disentangle specific genes and proteins perturbed at COVID-19 susceptibility loci. This public-private partnership provides the scientific community with an open-access proteomics resource of unprecedented breadth and depth to help elucidate biological mechanisms underlying genetic discoveries and accelerate the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutics.