Comparative Study of Trehalose and Trehalose 6-Phosphate to Improve Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Wheat and Mustard Seedlings under Salt and Water Deficit Stresses

Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) regulates sugar levels and starch metabolism in a plant cell and thus interacts with various signaling pathways, and after converting T6P into trehalose (Tre), it acts as a vital osmoprotectant under stress conditions. This study was conducted using wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norin 61) and mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. BARI sharisha 13) seedlings to investigate the role of Tre and T6P in improving salt and water deficit stress tolerance. The seedlings were grown hydroponically using Hyponex solution and exposed to salt (300 and 200 mM NaCl for wheat and mustard, respectively) and water deficit (20 and 12% PEG 6000 for wheat and mustard, respectively) stresses with or without Tre and T6P. The study demonstrated that salt and water deficit stress negatively influenced plant growth by destroying photosynthetic pigments and increasing oxidative damage. In response to salt and water deficit stresses, the generation of H2O2 increased by 114 and 67%, respectively, in wheat seedlings, while in mustard, it increased by 86 and 50%, respectively. Antioxidant defense systems were also altered by salt and water deficit stresses due to higher oxidative damage. The AsA content was reduced by 65 and 38% in wheat and 61 and 45% in mustard under salt and water deficit stresses, respectively. The subsequent negative results of salinity and water deficit can be overcome by exogenous application of Tre and T6P; these agents reduced the oxidative stress by decreasing H2O2 and TBARS levels and increasing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Moreover, the application of Tre and T6P decreased the accumulation of Na in the shoots and roots of wheat and mustard seedlings. Therefore, the results suggest that the use of Tre and T6P is apromising strategy to alleviate osmotic and ionic toxicity in plants under salt and water deficit stresses.